Sir John Edward Cohen: TESCO

Sir John Edward Cohen (6 October 1898 – 24 March 1979), born Jacob Edward Kohen and commonly known as Jack Cohen, was a British businessman who founded the Tesco supermarket chain. He was born in Whitechapel in the East End of London, the son of an Avram Kohen, an immigrant Polish-Jewish tailor, and his first wife, Sime Zamremba.
He began his working life as an apprentice tailor to his father but in 1917 he joined the Royal Flying Corps where he served as a canvas maker. Upon his demobilization in 1919 he established himself as a market stall holder in Hackney, in London's East End by purchasing surplus NAAFI stock with his demob money.
He soon became the owner of a number of market stalls, and started a wholesale business. In 1924, he created the Tesco brand name from the initials of a tea supplier, T. E. Stockwell (formally Messrs Torring and Stockwell of Mincing Lane), and the first two letters of his surname. The first two Tesco stores opened at Becontree and Burnt Oak in 1931. By 1939, Cohen owned a hundred Tesco stores.
Sometime around 1930 he changed his name by deed poll to John Edward at suggestion of his bank manager whose staff had trouble distinguishing between the many Jacob Cohens banking at the Mare Street branch in Hackney.
In 1948, he witnessed the American trend for self-service supermarkets, and opened one of the first such shops in Britain. Around 1949, Cohen moved to Finchley, where he bought a block of flats called Moss Hall Court.
He was married to Sarah Fox, daughter of an immigrant Russian-Jewish tailor. They had two daughters, Shirley and Irene, the former now Dame Shirley Porter.
Cohen was knighted in 1969.
Jeffrey Archer's novel As the Crow Flies was influenced by his life.

Alapítás
A Tesco céget 1924-ben Sir Jack Cohen alapította. Apja egy lengyel származású zsidó szabó volt, ő pedig a brit légierő pilótája. 21 évesen, 30 fontból kezdett bele a vállalkozásba: élelmiszereket árult a londoni East End-en egy piacon. Kitartó munkával hamarosan bővíteni kezdte az üzletet. A Tesco név először teásdobozokon jelent meg a 20-as években. Az első Tesco áruház 1929-ben nyílt Burnt Oak-ban (Edgware, London).

Fejlődés a második világháború után
A céget 1947. december 23-tól jegyzik a londoni tőzsdén. A II. világháború után Angliában is megjelentek az önkiszolgáló áruházak, 1948-ban Jack Cohen St. Albansban megnyitotta az első önkiszolgáló Tesco-t, amely a mai napig működik Tesco Metro áruházként. Az első szupermarket 1956-ban nyílt, Maldonban.
Ezzel elindult a Tesco folyamatos fejlődése:
Az 1950-es évek végén, az 1960-as évek elején több száz üzletet és áruházat vásárolt fel Angliában (például a Victor Value-t).
1994-ben felvásárolta a William Low nevű skót szupermarketláncot, amivel átvette a Sainsbury's-től az első helyet, a brit kiskereskedelmi piacon.