Proust was born in Auteuil (the southern sector of Paris's then-rustic 16th arrondissement) at the home of his great-uncle, two months after the Treaty of Frankfurt formally ended the Franco-Prussian War. His birth took place during the violence that surrounded the suppression of the Paris Commune, and his childhood corresponds with the consolidation of the French Third Republic. Much of In Search of Lost Time concerns the vast changes, most particularly the decline of the aristocracy and the rise of the middle classes, that occurred in France during the Third Republic and the fin de siècle.
Proust's father, Achille Adrien Proust, was a prominent pathologist and epidemiologist, responsible for studying and attempting to remedy the causes and movements of cholera through Europe and Asia; he was the author of many articles and books on medicine and hygiene. Proust's mother, Jeanne Clémence Weil, was the daughter of a well-off and cultured Jewish family. Her father was a banker. She was a literate and well-read woman. Her letters demonstrate a well-developed sense of humour, and her command of English was sufficient for her to provide the necessary impetus to her son's later attempts to translate John Ruskin.[1]
By the age of nine, Proust had had his first serious asthma attack, and thereafter he was considered by himself, his family and his friends as a sickly child. Proust spent long holidays in the village of Illiers. This village, combined with aspects of the time he spent at his great-uncle's house in Auteuil became the model for the fictional town of Combray, where some of the most important scenes of In Search of Lost Time take place. (Illiers was renamed Illiers-Combray on the occasion of the Proust centenary celebrations).
Despite his poor health, Proust served a year (1889–90) as an enlisted man in the French army, stationed at Coligny Caserne in Orléans, an experience that provided a lengthy episode in The Guermantes' Way, part three of his novel. As a young man, Proust was a dilettante and a social climber, whose aspirations as a writer were hampered by his lack of application. His reputation from this period, as a snob and an amateur, contributed to his later troubles with getting Swann's Way, the first part of his large-scale novel, published in 1913.
Proust had a close relationship with his mother. In order to appease his father, who insisted that he pursue a career, Proust obtained a volunteer position at the Bibliothèque Mazarine in the summer of 1896. After exerting considerable effort, he obtained a sick leave which was to extend for several years until he was considered to have resigned. He never worked at his job, and he did not move from his parents' apartment until after both were dead (Tadié).
Proust, who was homosexual, was one of the first European novelists to treat homosexuality openly and at length.
His life and family circle changed considerably between 1900 and 1905. In February 1903, Proust's brother Robert married and left the family home. His father died in September of the same year. Finally, and most crushingly, Proust's beloved mother died in September 1905, leaving him a considerable inheritance. (In today's terms, a principal of about $6 million, with a monthly income of about $15,000.) His health throughout this period continued to deteriorate.
Proust spent the last three years of his life largely confined to his cork-lined bedroom, sleeping during the day and working at night to complete his novel. He died in 1922 and is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
Proust Auteuilben született (Párizs déli részén, az akkoriban elmaradott 16. kerületben) nagybátyja otthonában. Születése idején zajlott a párizsi kommün elnyomását követő erőszakhullám, gyerekkora egybeesik a francia Harmadik Köztársaság megszilárdulásával. Az eltűnt idő nyomában nagy részében azokat a hatalmas változásokat írja le, melyek az arisztokrácia hanyatlásához és a középosztály felemelkedéséhez vezettek Franciaországban a Harmadik Köztársaság idején és a század végén.Proust's father, Achille Adrien Proust, was a prominent pathologist and epidemiologist, responsible for studying and attempting to remedy the causes and movements of cholera through Europe and Asia; he was the author of many articles and books on medicine and hygiene. Proust's mother, Jeanne Clémence Weil, was the daughter of a well-off and cultured Jewish family. Her father was a banker. She was a literate and well-read woman. Her letters demonstrate a well-developed sense of humour, and her command of English was sufficient for her to provide the necessary impetus to her son's later attempts to translate John Ruskin.[1]
By the age of nine, Proust had had his first serious asthma attack, and thereafter he was considered by himself, his family and his friends as a sickly child. Proust spent long holidays in the village of Illiers. This village, combined with aspects of the time he spent at his great-uncle's house in Auteuil became the model for the fictional town of Combray, where some of the most important scenes of In Search of Lost Time take place. (Illiers was renamed Illiers-Combray on the occasion of the Proust centenary celebrations).
Despite his poor health, Proust served a year (1889–90) as an enlisted man in the French army, stationed at Coligny Caserne in Orléans, an experience that provided a lengthy episode in The Guermantes' Way, part three of his novel. As a young man, Proust was a dilettante and a social climber, whose aspirations as a writer were hampered by his lack of application. His reputation from this period, as a snob and an amateur, contributed to his later troubles with getting Swann's Way, the first part of his large-scale novel, published in 1913.
Proust had a close relationship with his mother. In order to appease his father, who insisted that he pursue a career, Proust obtained a volunteer position at the Bibliothèque Mazarine in the summer of 1896. After exerting considerable effort, he obtained a sick leave which was to extend for several years until he was considered to have resigned. He never worked at his job, and he did not move from his parents' apartment until after both were dead (Tadié).
Proust, who was homosexual, was one of the first European novelists to treat homosexuality openly and at length.
His life and family circle changed considerably between 1900 and 1905. In February 1903, Proust's brother Robert married and left the family home. His father died in September of the same year. Finally, and most crushingly, Proust's beloved mother died in September 1905, leaving him a considerable inheritance. (In today's terms, a principal of about $6 million, with a monthly income of about $15,000.) His health throughout this period continued to deteriorate.
Proust spent the last three years of his life largely confined to his cork-lined bedroom, sleeping during the day and working at night to complete his novel. He died in 1922 and is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
Proust apja, Achille Adrien Proust, katolikus hitű, híres doktor és járványkutató volt, aki a kolera okait és továbbterjedését tanulmányozta Európán és Ázsián keresztül, gyógymódot keresve a betegségre. Számos cikket és könyvet írt a gyógyszerekről és a higiéniáról. Proust anyja, Jeanne Clémence Weil, egy gazdag és művelt zsidó család sarja, irodalmilag képzett és olvasott volt. Levelei jól fejlett humorérzékről árulkodnak, az ő ösztönzése és segítsége adta a szükséges lendületet fiának, hogy lefordítsa John Ruskin köteteit. Szülei 1870-ben kötöttek házasságot.
Kilenc éves korában volt Proust első komoly asztmarohama, mely után saját maga, a családja és barátai őt betegeskedő gyerekként kezelték. Proust hosszú pihenőket töltött Illiers faluban. Ez a falu és nagybátyja Auteuil-i háza szolgált a képzelt Combray város modelljéül nagyregényében, melynek ez lett egyik legfontosabb helyszíne. (A prousti centenáriumi ünnepségek alkalmával Illiers-t átkeresztelték Illiers-Combray-re).
1882-től Proust a Lycée Condorcet diákja. Rossz egészségi állapota (allergikus asztmája) ellenére Proust egy évet szolgált a francia hadseregben (1889-90). Az Orléans-i Coligny Caserne-ban szerzett tapasztalatait regénye harmadik kötetében egy hosszú epizódban írja meg. Miután leszerel jogi tanulmányokba kezd a Sorbonne-on, de nem fejezi be. Még ugyanabban az évben megismerkedik Henri Bergsonnal. Proust fiatal korában dilettáns és sikeres törtető volt, akinek írói törekvéseit akadályozta saját stílustalansága. Ekkoriban szerzett sznob és esztétista hírneve hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy Az eltűnt idő nyomában első kötetét nem tudta kiadatni csak saját költségén Bernard Gasset-nál 1913-ban.
Proust szoros kapcsolatot ápolt anyjával, aki szerette volna, hogy valami hasznos munkát végezzen. Hogy apja társadalmi karrier iránti elvárását leszerelje befejezi jogi tanulmányait és 1896. nyarán önkéntesnek jelentkezik a Mazarine Könyvtárba. Azonban betegeskedése miatt több időt tölt betegállományban mint munkában, míg végül fontolóra nem veszi, hogy felmond. Valójában soha nem dolgozott és nem mozdult ki szülei lakásából, egészen addig, amíg mindketten meg nem haltak.
Proust homoszexuális volt, és bár nem vállalta szexuális hovatartozását, ő volt az egyik első európai író, aki terjedelmesen foglalkozott a homoszexualitással. Kapcsolatot folytatott Reynaldo Hahn zongoraművész és zeneszerzővel.
1900 és 1905 között Proust élete és családi környezete jelentősen megváltozott. 1903 februárjában testvére, Robert elhagyta a családi otthont és megházasodott. Apja ugyanannak az évnek a szeptemberben halt meg. Végül, és ami leginkább érintette Proustot, 1905 szeptemberében meghalt az anyja. Jelentős öröksége, melynek révén milliomossá és függetlenné vált, megváltoztatta életét. Ennek a váratlan szerencsének, gazdaggá és függetlenné válásának ellenére egészsége ezt követően mindinkább romlott.
Proust élete utolsó három évét betegsége miatt jórészt elzárkózva, parafával bélelt hálószobájában töltötte, ahol nappal aludt, este pedig regényén dolgozott, illetve kisebb sétákat tett. A nappali zajok és a fények súlyos asztmarohamokat okoztak nála. 1922. november 18-án halt meg tüdőgyulladásban. Temetésére 1922. november 22-én a párizsi Père-Lachaise temetőben került sor, ahol szülei mellé temették.
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