Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home to much of his subsequent work. In 1951 Salinger released his first novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers.[1] The novel remains widely read, selling about 250,000 copies a year.
The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny; Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. He followed Catcher with three collections of short stories: Nine Stories (1953), Franny and Zooey (1961), and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924," appeared in The New Yorker in 1965.
Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover, and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1997, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was delayed indefinitely.
Jerome David Salinger was born in Manhattan, New York, on New Year's Day, 1919. His mother, Marie Jillich, was half-Scottish and half-Irish. His father, Sol Salinger, was a Jewish man of Polish origin who sold kosher cheese. When they married, Salinger's mother changed her name to Miriam and passed for Jewish. Salinger did not find out that his mother was not Jewish until just after his bar mitzvah. He had only one sibling: his sister Doris, who was born in 1911.
The young Salinger attended public schools on the West Side of Manhattan, then moved to the private McBurney School for ninth and tenth grades. He acted in several plays and "showed an innate talent for drama," though his father was opposed to the idea of J.D. becoming an actor. He was happy to get away from his over-protective mother by entering the Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania. Though he had written for the school newspaper at McBurney, at Valley Forge Salinger began writing stories "under the covers [at night], with the aid of a flashlight." He started his freshman year at New York University in 1936, and considered studying special education, but dropped out the following spring. That fall, his father urged him to learn about the meat-importing business and he was sent to work at a company in Vienna, Austria.
He left Austria only a month or so before the country fell to Hitler, on March 12, 1938. He attended Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, for only one semester. In 1939, Salinger attended a Columbia University evening writing class taught by Whit Burnett, longtime editor of Story magazine. According to Burnett, Salinger did not distinguish himself until a few weeks before the end of the second semester, at which point "he suddenly came to life" and completed three stories.Burnett told Salinger that his stories were skillful and accomplished, and accepted "The Young Folks", a vignette about several aimless youths, for publication in Story. Salinger's debut short story was published in the magazine's March-April 1940 issue. Burnett became Salinger's mentor, and they corresponded for several years.
The young Salinger attended public schools on the West Side of Manhattan, then moved to the private McBurney School for ninth and tenth grades. He acted in several plays and "showed an innate talent for drama," though his father was opposed to the idea of J.D. becoming an actor. He was happy to get away from his over-protective mother by entering the Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania. Though he had written for the school newspaper at McBurney, at Valley Forge Salinger began writing stories "under the covers [at night], with the aid of a flashlight." He started his freshman year at New York University in 1936, and considered studying special education, but dropped out the following spring. That fall, his father urged him to learn about the meat-importing business and he was sent to work at a company in Vienna, Austria.
He left Austria only a month or so before the country fell to Hitler, on March 12, 1938. He attended Ursinus College in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, for only one semester. In 1939, Salinger attended a Columbia University evening writing class taught by Whit Burnett, longtime editor of Story magazine. According to Burnett, Salinger did not distinguish himself until a few weeks before the end of the second semester, at which point "he suddenly came to life" and completed three stories.Burnett told Salinger that his stories were skillful and accomplished, and accepted "The Young Folks", a vignette about several aimless youths, for publication in Story. Salinger's debut short story was published in the magazine's March-April 1940 issue. Burnett became Salinger's mentor, and they corresponded for several years.
Manhattanben született zsidó apa és ír katolikus anya gyermekeként. (Anyja betért amikor összeházasodott az apjával, J.D. csak a bar micvóján tudta meg, hogy csak félig zsidó) Az apja húsimporttal foglalkozott. Az ifjú Salinger a nyugati part különböző állami iskoláit látogatta, majd a McBurney magániskolát. Ezután felvételt nyert a waynei (Pennsylvania) Valley Forge Military Academy-re. Itteni élményeiről írta Zabhegyező című regényét. A New York Universityt egy tengerjáró hajón való munka kedvéért hagyta el az első éve után. 1938-ban A szülei Bécsbe küldték, hogy az apja cégénél tanuljon és fejlessze német és francia tudását. Egy hónappal az Anschluss előtt hagyta el Ausztriát. A collegevillei (Pennsylvania) Ursinus Collegeba iratkozott be, ahol egy félévet végzett el. 1939-ben a Columbia Universityn irodalmat hallgatott Whit Burnetnél. Ő közli először lapjában Salinger egy írását. 1942-ben behívják a hadseregbe, részt vett a normandiai partraszállásban, a koncentrációs táborok felszabadításában. A hadseregnél ismerte meg Ernest Hemingwayt. feleségül vett egy alacsony beosztású német hivatalnokot, akit magával vitt Amerikába. Kapcsolatuk néhány hónap után megromlott, Sylvia visszatért Németországba.
1948-tól a The New Yorker című újságban publikált, amely már hat évvel korábban is kért tőle írást, egy részben önéletrajzi tárgyú művét a Slight Rebellion off Madisont. Ezt a művét a háború miatt csak 1946-ban jelentették meg. A Slight Rebellion off Madisonban jelenik meg Holden Caulfield karaktere, akinek később egy egész regényt szentelt: az 1951-ben megjelent Zabhegyezőt (Catcher in the Rye). A művet több országban és egyes amerikai államokban is betiltották szabadszájúsága miatt (az átkozott szó pl. 255 alkalommal fordul benne elő). Ma évente 250 000 példányban kel el. 1953-ban néhány novelláját a The New Yorkerben közölték. 1961-ben adta ki a Franny and Zooeyt, 1963-ban a Magasabbra a tetőt, ácsok és Seymour: Bemutatás című kisregényeit. 1953-ban Cornish-ba (New Hampsphire költözött. Egy ideig részt vett a helyi közösség, az egyetemi diákság életében, később teljesen visszavonult. Később Marlowba költözött. 1955-ben összeházasodott Claire Douglas, egyetemistával, aki a kedvéért abbahagyta tanulmányait. Két gyermekük született, Margaret és Matthew. A Franny and Zooey című művében Franny karaktere Claire életén alapul. 1965-ben elváltak. 1965 óta nem publikált új művet. 1978-ban a Newsweek felröppentette a hírt, hogy egy nagyobb, második világháborús, romantikus regény kiadására készül, azonban a hír tévesnek bizonyult. A világtól elvonultan él. 1972-ben egy évig viszonya volt Joyce Maynard 18 éves írónővel. Az ezredfordulón lánya, Margaret Dream Catcher: A Memoire címmel adta ki visszaemlékezéseit, amelyben sok Salinger-legendát cáfolt meg. Az író harmadik felesége a nála negyven évvel fiatalabb Colleen O'Neill.
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