(born David Blaine White on April 4, 1973 in Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is an American world record holding magician and endurance artist. He made his name as a performer of street and close-up magic. David Blaine was born in Brooklyn to a father of Puerto Rican-Catholic descent and a mother of Russian-Jewish descent[1]. His mother Patrice Maureen White (1946–1995)[2] was a school teacher living in New York, and his father William Perez is a Vietnam veteran. He was raised by his single mother. While his mother was of Jewish descent, Blaine's own religious views have been unclear (Blaine has a full reproduction tattoo of Dali's "Christ of St. John of the Cross" spanning his entire back)[3]. He attended many schools in Brooklyn. At the age of 10, David Blaine's mother married John Bukalo and they moved to New Jersey. He moved to Little Falls, New Jersey[4], where he attended Passaic Valley Regional High School.[5] He has a half-brother named Michael James Bukalo.
On May 19, 1997, Blaine's first television special, David Blaine: Street Magic, introduced his unique brand of street magic to the world when it aired on the ABC network. With its strong focus on spectators' reactions and showmanship, Street Magic revolutionized the way magic is performed and portrayed on television. According to The New York Daily News, “Blaine can lay claim to his own brand of wizardry. The magic he offers in tonight’s show operates on an uncommonly personal level.”[6]
In Street Magic, Blaine is shown traveling across the country, entertaining unsuspecting pedestrians in New York City, Atlantic City, Dallas, San Francisco, Compton, and the Mojave Desert only recorded by a small crew with handheld cameras. Many magicians respect Blaine's choice of material and give him credit for creating an image of the contemporary magician distinct from other magicians in recent television history. Jon Racherbaumer commented, "Make no mistake about it, the focus of this show, boys and girls, is not Blaine. It is really about theatrical proxemics; about the show-within-a-show and the spontaneous, visceral reactions of people being astonished."
On April 5, 1999, Blaine was entombed in an underground plastic box underneath a 3-ton water-filled tank for seven days across from Trump Place on 68th St. and Riverside Drive. The New York Daily News' Virginia Breen wrote, "Developer Donald Trump, who donated use of the space, tossed a shovelful of gravel into the grave in mock solemnity."[8] According to CNN, "Blaine's only communication to the outside world was by a hand buzzer, which could have alerted an around-the-clock emergency crew standing by." BBC News reported that the cramped plastic coffin offered six inches (152 mm) of headroom and two inches on each side. During the seven days of the endurance stunt, Blaine ate nothing and drank only two to three tablespoons of water a day.[9] An estimated 75,000 people visited the site, including Marie Blood, Houdini's niece, who said, "My uncle did some amazing things, but he could not have done this."[10] On the final day of the stunt, April 12, hundreds of news teams were stationed at the site for the coffin-opening ceremony. A team of construction workers removed a portion of the 75 square feet (7.0 m²) of gravel surrounding the six-foot deep coffin before a crane lifted the 3-ton water tank.[8] Blaine emerged from his underground coffin and told the crowd "I saw something very prophetic ... a vision of every race, every religion, every age group banding together, and that made all this worthwhile."[9] Reiterating Marie Blood's remarks, BBC News stated,"The 26-year-old magician has outdone his hero, Harry Houdini, who had planned a similar feat but died in 1926 before he could perform it."
On November 27, 2000, Blaine began a stunt called "Frozen in Time", which was covered on a TV special. Blaine stood encased in a massive block of ice located in Times Square, New York. He was lightly dressed and seen to be shivering even before the blocks of ice were sealed around him. A tube supplied him with air and water while his urine was removed with another tube. He was encased in the box of ice for 63 hours, 42 minutes and 15 seconds before being removed with chain saws. The ice was transparent and resting on an elevated platform to show that he was actually inside the ice the entire time. CNN confirmed that "thousands of people braved the pouring rain Wednesday night to catch a glimpse of Blaine as workers cut away at the ice."[12] He was removed from the ice in an obviously dazed and disoriented state, wrapped in blankets and taken to the hospital immediately because doctors feared he might be going into shock.[13] The New York Times reported, "The magician who emerged from the increasingly unstable ice box seemed a shadow of the confident, robust, shirtless fellow who entered two days before."[14] Blaine said in the documentary follow-up to this feat that it took "a month" before he was able to walk again and that he had no plans to ever again attempt a stunt of this difficulty.
On May 22, 2002, a crane lifted Blaine onto a 90 ft (22 m) high and 22 in (55.88 cm) wide pillar in Bryant Park, New York City. Although he was not harnessed to the pillar, there were two retractable handles on either side of him to grasp in the event of harsh weather.[15] The Evening Standard's James Langton wrote, "He was battered by high winds and unusually cold May weather during his first night and would have been killed or seriously injured if he had fallen."[16] He remained on the pillar for exactly 35 hours. The New Yorker’s Adam Gopnik wrote, “David Blaine, standing up there, is actually as good a magical metaphor for the moment as Houdini, fighting his way out of the straitjacket of immigrant identity toward prosperity, was for his."[17] With his legs weak from standing atop the pillar for so long, he ended the feat by jumping down onto a landing platform made out of a 12 foot (3.7 m) high pile of cardboard boxes and suffered a concussion.
On September 5, 2003, Blaine began his 44-day endurance stunt sealed inside a transparent Plexiglas case suspended 30 feet (9 m) in the air next to Potters Fields Park on the south bank of the River Thames, the area between City Hall and Tower Bridge in London. The case, measuring 3 ft (0.91 m) by 7 ft (2.1 m) by 7 ft (2.1 m), had a webcam installed so that viewers could observe his progress. During the 44 day period, Blaine went without any food or nutrients and survived on just 4.5 litres of water per day.
The endurance stunt became the subject of much media attention. The Guardian wrote, "Blaine has created one of the most eloquent and telling visual images of our time."[18] The Times reported that "1,614 articles in the British press have made reference to the exploit."[19] U.S. President George W. Bush referred to Blaine’s stunt in a speech at the Whitehall Palace in London, saying “The last noted American to visit London stayed in a glass box dangling over the Thames. A few might have been happy to provide similar arrangements for me.”[20]
While the majority of visitors were supportive, a minority were more mischievous or hostile towards the endurance artist. The Times reported that eggs, lemons, sausages, bacon, water bottles, beer cans, paint-filled balloons and golf balls had all been thrown at the box.[19] The Evening Standard reported that one man was arrested for attempting to cut the water supply to Blaine's box.[21] According to BBC News, Page 3 girls and glamour models from various men's magazines flashed at him and a burger was flown up to the box by a remote-controlled helicopter as a taunt.[22]
On September 25, the BBC News reported that Blaine announced via webcam that he was feeling the taste of pear drops on his tongue.[23] Dr. Adam Carey, who performed a medical examination of Blaine before he entered the box, said that the taste was produced by ketones produced by the body burning fatty acids, which are themselves produced from fat reserves via glycerol.
Blaine emerged on schedule on October 19, murmuring "I love you all!" and was quickly hospitalized. The crowd jeered back. The New England Journal of Medicine published a paper that documented his 44 day fast and stated that his re-feeding was perhaps the most dangerous part of the stunt.[24] The study reported, “He lost 24.5 kg (25 percent of his original body weight), and his body-mass index dropped from 29.0 to 21.6. His appearance and body-mass index after his fast would not by themselves have alerted us to the risks of refeeding. Despite cautious management, he had hypophosphatemia and fluid retention, important elements of the refeeding syndrome.”
On May 1, 2006, Blaine was submerged in an 8 feet (2.4 m) diameter, water-filled sphere (isotonic saline, 0.9% salt) in front of the Lincoln Center in New York City for a planned seven days and seven nights, using tubes for air and nutrition. During the stunt, doctors witnessed skin breakdown at the hands and feet, and liver failure. The New York Times' Kenneth Silverman wrote "his feat of endurance brought a diverse crowd of thousands of New Yorkers together, renewing for a while the city's waning spirit of democratic community."[26]
He concluded this event by attempting to hold his breath underwater to break the then current world record of 9 minutes, 15 seconds held by Tom Sietas for Static Apnea — holding one's breath without the aid of breathing oxygen beforehand [27], although Blaine's attempt would not have qualified as static apnea under AIDA International rules. [28] Blaine also tried to free himself from handcuffs and chains put on him upon coming out after the week in the sphere.[29] He seemed to have trouble escaping from the last of the handcuffs. Around the 7 minute mark, he showed some signs of distress. He was pulled up and out of the water by his support divers after 7 minutes and 8 seconds underwater — one minute and fifty seconds short of his goal.[30] Blaine did claim to have succeeded in setting a record for being fully submerged in water for more than seven days straight (177 hours), and has since broken the record for holding one's breath using oxygen (as permitted by the Guinness book of records) - see below.
Blaine underwent multiple short hospital visits after the stunt ended and has entered an agreement with doctors from Yale University to monitor him in order to study the human physiological reaction to prolonged submersion.[31]
In an interview on The Howard Stern Show on Sirius satellite radio, Blaine spoke of the week-long fasting he did before the "drowning alive" stunt, to avoid having to be concerned with defecation.
Blaine again attempted to break the record for holding breath which he unsuccessfully attempted during his Drowned Alive stunt, using the same water-filled sphere setup. His attempt was taped live at The Oprah Winfrey Show in Chicago, Illinois and aired on April 30th, 2008. Since his original attempt, a new record had been set by Peter Colat of Switzerland on February 10, 2008.
Blaine held his breath for 17 minutes 4.4 seconds to set the world record, according to Guinness World Records, surpassing Colat's previous mark of 16 minutes 32 seconds. This was Blaine's first Guinness record.
Prior to his attempt, Blaine prepared by breathing pure oxygen for twenty-three minutes. The show also reported on his training regimen, which included sleeping in a hypoxic tent. During the attempt, his heart rate dropped to about 50 bpm.
Vasárnap este telik le az a 44 nap, amennyi időre David Blaine bezáratta magát egy fellógatott üvegkalickába a londoni Tower híd közelében. Az amerikai illuzionista ez idő alatt csak vizet vett magához. A férfit az éhség miatt utóbbi időkben már hallucinációk és szívritmus-zavarok kínozzák, többször el is ájult. Becslések szerint Blaine legalább 20 kilogrammot fogyott mutatványa alatt.
Lakoma helyett egyelőre csak infúzió
A kísérletet ellenőrző orvoscsoport arra számít, hogy Blaine nem lesz képes saját lábán elhagyni a kalitkát, és valószínűleg hordágyon kell majd a mentőhöz vinni.
A tervek szerint az éhezőművészt a 44 napos koplalás után jó ideig infúzióval fogják táplálni, mert szervezete nagy valószínűséggel akár hetekig is képtelen lesz nagyobb mennyiségű szilárd élelmiszert feldolgozni. Egyesek szerint felépülése fél évet is igénybe vehet.
A southamptoni egyetem orvosi karának egyik szakértője, akit az amerikai stáb Blaine rehabilitációjának megtervezésére kért fel, a kísérlet vége előtt azt mondta: rendkívül óvatosan kell elkezdeni az illuzionista feltáplálását, mert hiba esetén akár azonnali halál is beállhat. A jelenség régóta ismert orvosi körökben: annak idején a koncentrációs táborok felszabadítása után is számos esetben előfordult, hogy a tartós éhezés után hirtelen elfogyasztott nagy mennyiségű étel a volt foglyok halálát okozta.
Blaine szeptember 5-én, pénteken késő este mászott be a szűk, átlátszó dobozba, hogy ott 44 napot töltsön el evés nélkül. A kalitkát ezután egy daru emelte a magasba a híres Tower híd tövében, az azonos nevet viselő, hírhedt londoni középkori erőddel szemközt. Az éhezőművész azóta csak vizet vesz magához.
Az illuzionista állapotát folyamatosan felügyelő orvoscsoport egyik tagja a hétvégén azt mondta, hogy Blaine "elég rossz bőrben van", hallucinációi és erős izomfájdalmai vannak. Az utolsó két napban szívritmus-zavarok és rövid ideig tartó ájulások is előfordultak.
Becslések szerint az amerikai önsanyargató legalább 20 kilogrammot fogyott a rekordkísérlet kezdete óta.
Blaine mutatványának valódiságát az idő előrehaladtával többen is megkérdőjelezték, de a több londoni napilap által is elvégeztetett független laboratóriumi vizsgálatok egyértelműen bizonyították, hogy David Blaine valóban éhezik.
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