Boris Pasternak

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (10 February 1890 – 30 May 1960) was a Nobel Prize-winning Russian and Soviet poet, novelist and translator of Goethe and Shakespeare. In Russia, Pasternak is most celebrated as a poet. My Sister Life, written in 1917, is arguably the most influential collection of poetry published in the Russian language in the 20th century. In the West he is best known for his epic novel Doctor Zhivago, a tragedy whose events span the last period of the Russian Empire and the early days of the Soviet Union. It was first translated and published in Italy in 1957. He helped give birth to the dissident movement with the publication of Doctor Zhivago.
Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, into a wealthy Russian-Jewish family. His father was the famous artist, Leonid Pasternak, professor at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, and his mother was Rosa (Raitza) Kaufman, a concert pianist. Pasternak was brought up in a highly cosmopolitan and intellectual atmosphere: family friends and regular visitors to his childhood home included pianist and composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, composer and mystic Alexander Scriabin, existentialist Lev Shestov, poet Rainer Maria Rilke, and writer Leo Tolstoy. Pasternak aspired first to be a composer, turned next to philosophy and then eventually to writing as his vocation.

Inspired by his neighbour Alexander Scriabin, Pasternak resolved to become a composer and entered the Moscow Conservatory. In 1910 he abruptly left the conservatory for the University of Marburg, where he studied under Neo-Kantian philosophers Hermann Cohen and Nicolai Hartmann. Although invited to become a scholar, he decided against making philosophy a profession and returned to Moscow in 1914. His first poetry collection, influenced by Alexander Blok and the Russian Futurists, was published later the same year.

Pasternak's early verse cleverly dissimulates his preoccupation with Kant's ideas. Its fabric includes striking alliterations, wild rhythmic combinations, day-to-day vocabulary, and hidden allusions to his favourite poets like Rilke, Lermontov and German Romantic poets.

Pasternak spent the summer of 1917 living in the steppe country near Saratov, where he fell in love. This passion resulted in the collection My Sister Life, which he wrote over a period of three months, but was too embarrassed to publish for four years because of its novel style. When it finally was published in 1921, the book revolutionised Russian poetry. It made Pasternak the model for younger poets, and decisively changed the poetry of Osip Mandelshtam, Marina Tsvetayeva and others.

During the great purges of the later 1930s, Pasternak became progressively disillusioned with Communist ideals. Reluctant to publish his own poetry, he turned to translating Shakespeare (Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear), Goethe (Faust), Rilke (Requiem für eine Freundin), Paul Verlaine, and Georgian poets. Pasternak's translations of Shakespeare have proved popular with the Russian public because of their colloquial, modernised dialogues, but critics accused him of "pasternakizing" the English playwright.

Although Pasternak was widely panned for excessive subjectivism, Stalin is said to have crossed Pasternak's name off an arrest list during the purges, saying "Don't touch this cloud dweller." According to Simon Sebag Montefiore, "He recognized that Mandelstam, Pasternak, and Bulgakov were geniuses, but their work was suppressed. Yet he could tolerate whimsical maestros: Bulgakov and Pasternak were never arrested. But woe betide anyone, genius or hack, who insulted the person or policy of Stalin -- for the two were synonymous."

As the book was frowned upon by the Soviet authorities, Doctor Zhivago was smuggled abroad by his friend Isaiah Berlin and published in an Italian translation by the Italian publishing house Feltrinelli in 1957. The novel became an instant sensation, and was subsequently translated and published in many non-Communist bloc countries. In 1958 and 1959, the American edition spent 26 weeks at the top of The New York Times' bestseller list.
Pasternak's post-Zhivago poetry probes the universal questions of love, immortality, and reconciliation with God. Pasternak died of lung cancer on 30 May 1960. Despite only a small notice appearing in the Literary Gazette, thousands of people traveled from Moscow to his funeral in Peredelkino.

Borisz Leonyidovics Paszternak (Moszkva, 1890. február 10. – Peregyelkino, 1960. május 30.) Nobel-díjas orosz költő, esszéíró, műfordító, író.

Jómódú zsidó családban született, a nagyrabecsült művészettörténet és szépművészet professzor Leonid Pasternak és a híres koncertzongorista művésznő, Rosa (Raitza) Kaufman fia. Zeneszerzőnek készül, de történelmet és filozófiát hallgat a moszkvai egyetemen. 1912-ben a németországi Marburgba utazik. Első verseskötetén már látszik páratlan természetleíró képessége, úgy festi a kertet, a szelet, az esőt, a tavaszt, hogy azok róla, a természetben élő, ám a természetet kultúrává nemesítő emberi lényről valljanak. Munkatársa lesz Majakovszkij avantgardista folyóiratának, a Lefnek. Az októberi forradalmat helyesnek tartja, tisztítótűznek nevezi.

Az 1948 és 1955 között megalkotott nagyregényében, a Zsivago doktorban (ismert filmváltozata a Doktor Zsivágó) az 1903 és 1929 közé eső korszak, továbbá a háborús évek orosz történelmének átfogó képét kívánta megrajzolni. 1957-ben kijuttatta regényét az országból, ami meg is jelent Olaszországban és több más nyugati országban is, hatalmas világsiker lett, 26 héten át vezette a The New York Times besztszeller listáját. Amikor neki ítélték a Nobel-díjat, negatív lejáratókampány indult ellene. Művét szemétnek, őt magát árulónak titulálták. Belső emigránsnak nevezték, hozzáfűzve, hogy jobb lenne, ha valódi emigráns lenne belőle. Válaszút elé állították Paszternakot: vagy lemond a díjról, vagy száműzik hazájából. Az előbbit választotta.

Paszternak 1960. május 30-án peregyelkinói otthonában húnyt el.

Lev Davidovich Landau

Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian language: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у; born January 22, 1908 – died April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His accomplishments include the co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second order phase transitions, the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, and the two-component theory of neutrinos. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of superfluidity that accounts for the properties of liquid helium II at a temperature below 2.17 K (−270.98 °C).

Landau was born on January 22, 1908 to a Jewish family in Baku, in what was then the Russian Empire. Landau's father was an engineer with local oil industry and mother was a doctor. Recognized very early as a child prodigy in mathematics, Landau was quoted as saying in later life that he scarcely remembered a time when he was not familiar with calculus. Landau graduated at 13 from gymnasium. His parents regarded him too young to attend university, so for a year he attended the Baku Economical Technicum. In 1922, at age 14, he matriculated at Baku State University, studying at two departments simultaneously: the department of Physics and Mathematics, and the department of Chemistry. Subsequently he ceased studying chemistry, but remained interested in the field throughout his life.

In 1924, he moved to the main centre of Soviet physics at the time: the Physics Department of Leningrad State University. In Leningrad, he first made the acquaintance of genuine theoretical physics and dedicated himself fully to its study, graduating in 1927. Landau subsequently enrolled for post-graduate study at the Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute, and at 21, received a doctorate. Landau got his first chance to travel abroad in 1929, on a Soviet government traveling fellowship supplemented by a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship.

After brief stays in Göttingen and Leipzig, he went to Copenhagen to work at Niels Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics. After the visit, Landau always considered himself a pupil of Niels Bohr and Landau's approach to physics was greatly influenced by Bohr. After his stay in Copenhagen, he visited Cambridge and Zürich before returning to the Soviet Union. Between 1932 and 1937 he headed the department of theoretical physics at the Kharkov Polytechnical Institute.

On January 7, 1962, Landau's car collided with an oncoming truck. He was severely injured and spent two months in a coma. Although Landau recovered in many ways, his scientific creativity was destroyed, and he never returned fully to scientific work. His injuries prevented him from accepting the 1962 Nobel Prize for physics in person.

In 1965 former students and coworkers of Landau founded the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, located in the town of Chernogolovka near Moscow, and headed for the following three decades by Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov.

Landau died on April 1, 1968, aged 60, from complications of the injuries from the accident. He was buried at Novodevichy cemetery.

The minor planet 2142 Landau discovered in 1972 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh is named in his honor. The lunar crater Landau is named in his honor.

Lev Davidovics Landau 1908. január 22-én született Landau Bakuban. Az igen kivételes matematikai képességű gyermek, már 13 éves korában tudott integrálni és differenciálni, és ekkor már be is fejezte a középiskolát. Ezt követően fiatal kora miatt nem mehetett azonnal az egyetemre, ezért egy évig közgazdasági tanulmányokat folytatott egy technikum jellegű iskolába. 1922-ben iratkozott be a bakui egyetemre, ahol egyszerre két karon - kémiai és fizikai - tanult. 2 év múlva átiratkozott a leningrádi egyetem fizikai tagozatára. (A moszkvai egyetem mellett ez volt Oroszország vezető felsőfokú tanintézete.)1926-ban publikálta az első tudományos dolgozatát "A kétatomos molekulák spektrumának elméletéhez " címmel. Ez a dolgozat, melyet tizennyolc éves korában készített, már érett tudósra vall.

1927-ben írt következő dolgozata már a kvantummechanika problémájához kapcsolódott. Ugyanebben az évben fejezte be az egyetemet, de ekkor már mint "létszámfeletti aspiráns" beosztásban kutatott. 1929-ben külföldre utazott és másfél évet töltött Dániában, Niels Bohrnál, ki nagymértékben hozzájárult ahhoz, hogy a későbbiekben Landau megalapítsa a nagy elméleti fizikai iskolát hazájában. Egy életre szóló barátság fűzte össze a két kutatót.

Chandrasekhartól függetlenül meghatározza a Chandrasekhar- korlátot. Ezt 2,5 naptömegnek számolja ki, a mai 1,44-dal szemben. A neutron felfedezése után azonnal rájön, hogy a kiszámolt fehér törpe alatti állapot a neutroncsillagnak felel meg.

1931-ben tért vissza Landau Leningrádba a Fizikai - Technikai Intézetbe. 1932-től öt éven át a harkovi intézetben dolgozik, amelynek fő témaköre a szilárdtestek és az alacsony hőmérsékletek fizikája volt. Itt erősödött meg tudományos és oktatási tevékenysége. Ő vezeti az elméleti fizikai tanszéket, a Mechanikai - Gépszerkesztő Intézet fizikai-mechanikai fakultásán és 1935-től az általános fizikai tanszéket a harkovi egyetemen. Landau és tanítványainak munkái - a másodrendű fázisátmenetek elmélete, a töltött részecskék kinetikai egyenlete, közbenső állapotok elmélete a szupravezetésben stb. - ezekben az években Harkovot Szovjetunió elméleti fizikai központjává tették.

1937-ben Moszkvába költözött, ahol már nagyon várták a Fizikai Problémák Intézetébe (FPI). Landau itt dolgozott élete végéig. Itt adja meg a szuperfolyékonyság elméleti magyarázatát. A II. világháború idején az FPI-t áttelepítették Kazanyba, de 1945-től Moszkvába visszatelepítve folytatta a munkáját, haláláig az intézet területén lakott.

1962. január 12-én Landaut autóbaleset érte, hat hétig feküdt eszméletlenül. Miután visszanyerte eszméletét szellemi képességei igen lassan álltak helyre, alkotó tudományos munkát már nem tudott többé végezni. Az utolsó hat évben csak formálisan számított az FPI elméleti részlege vezetőjének. Fizikai állapota sem állt helyre teljesen soha többé. Ebben az évben kap Nobel-díjat "a kondenzált állapotokra vonatkozó úttörő elméletéért, különös tekintettel a folyékony héliumra". 1968. április 1.-én hunyt el egy súlyosabb operációt követően. 1972-ben a tiszteletére nevezték el a 2142 Landau kisbolygót.

Sir Aurel Stein

Sir Marc Aurel Stein (26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian archaeologist, mainly concerned with exploring ancient Central Asia. He was also a professor at various Indian universities.

Stein was born in Budapest into a Jewish family. His parents had him and his brother, Ernst Eduard, baptised as Lutherans, while his parents and sisters remained Jews (a common way at the time to increase the chance of one's sons being successful). He later became a British citizen and made his famous expeditions with British sponsorship.

Stein was influenced by Sven Hedin's 1898 work, Through Asia. He made four major expeditions to Central Asia—in 1900, 1906-8, 1913-16 and 1930. One of his significant finds during his first journey during 1900-1901 was the Taklamakan Desert oasis of Dandan Oilik where he was able to uncover a number of relics. During his third expedition 1913-16, he excavated at Khara-Khoto.

The British Library's Stein collection of Chinese, Tibetan and Tangut manuscripts, Prakrit wooden tablets, and documents in Khotanese, Uyghur, Sogdian and Eastern Turkic is the result of his travels through central Asia during the 1920s and 1930s. Stein discovered manuscripts in the previously lost Tocharian languages of the Tarim Basin at Marin and other oasis towns, and recorded numerous archaeological sites especially in Iran and Balochistan.

Stein's greatest discovery was made at the Mogao Caves also known as "Caves of the Thousand Buddhas", near Dunhuang in 1907. It was there that he discovered the Diamond Sutra, the world's oldest printed text which has a date (corresponding to AD 868), along with 40,000 other scrolls (all removed by gradually winning the confidence of the Taoist caretaker). During 1901 Stein was responsible for exposing forgeries of Islam Akhun. During his expedition of 1906–1908 while surveying in the Kunlun Mountains of western China, Stein suffered frostbite and lost several toes on his right foot.

When he was resting from his extended journeys into Central Asia, he spent most of his time living in a tent in the spectacularly beautiful alpine meadow called Gulmarg (or 'Meadow of Roses'). Except for his latest dog (which was always called "Dash"), he lived alone here. He died and is buried in Kabul.

The art objects he collected are divided between the British Museum, the British Library, the Srinagar Museum, and the National Museum, New Delhi. His collection is important for the study of the history of Central Asia and the art and literature of Buddhism.

Stein, as well as other contemporary explorers Sven Hedin, Sir Francis Younghusband and Nikolai Przhevalsky, were active players in the British-Russian struggle for influence in Central Asia, the so-called Great Game. Their explorations were supported as they explored the remaining "blank spots" on the maps, providing valuable information.

Stein Aurél (Sir Marc Aurel Stein) (Pest, 1862. november 26. – Kabul, 1943. október 28.) magyar származású Kelet-kutató, az MTA külső tagja, aki brit alattvalóként lett világhírű. Keller András nagy-britanniai magyar fizikokémikus, polimerfizikus nagybátyja.

Pest-Budán született zsidó családban, iskoláit Budapesten és Németország különböző egyetemein végezte. 21 évesen bölcsészdoktor lett és Angliában folytatta tanulmányait, Londonban, Oxfordban és Cambridge-ben. 1886-ban utazott először Indiába, ahol a brit adminisztrációban dolgozott, illetve később több indiai egyetemen tanított.

1900 és 1931 között négy nagy jelentőségű expedíciót vezetett Belső-Ázsiába. Az általa gyűjtött kéziratok és régészeti tárgyak jelentős része a British Museumba került.

Első expedícióján, 1900-1901-ben térképészeti (háromszögelési) munka mellett a Takla-Makán sivatag déli peremén elhelyezkedő romvárosokat tárta fel. Erre a neves svéd kutató, Sven Hedin inspirálta. Második expedíciója, 1906-1908-ban már a Góbi sivatagba vezetett, illetve a Takla-Makán északi térségébe. Ekkor talált a dunhuangi Ezer Buddha Barlangtemplomokban hatalmas kéziratgyűjteményt. Harmadik útja, 1913-1916-ban a korábbi célpontok mellett Kelet-Iránba vezetett. Negyedik útja 1930-ban már nem volt igazán sikeres, mert a megváltozott politikai helyzetben már nem kutathatott, illetve utazgathatott kínai területeken.

1943-ban Afganisztánban, Kabulban halt meg, ahol a helyi temetőben van a sírja.

Jan Fischer

Jan Fischer (born 2 January 1951) is the Prime Minister of the caretaker government of Czech Republic since 8 May 2009. A lifelong statistician, he was previously the president of the Czech Statistical Office since April 2003.

Jan Fischer was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia. His father, a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences specializing in mathematical and statistical applications in genetics, selective growing and medicine, was a Jewish Holocaust survivor. His mother was also a statistician.

Fischer graduated from the University of Economics, Prague in 1974 in statistics and econometrics. He completed postgraduate studies there in 1985, earning his Candidate of Sciences degree in economic statistics. He was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1980 till the collapse of the Communist regime in 1989.

Jan Fischer is married for the second time to his former secretary and has 3 children. His eldest son Jakub (*1978) is an Associate Professor of statistics and vice-dean at the Faculty of Informatics and Statistics of the University of Economics, Prague.

Immediately after graduation, Fischer joined the Federal Statistical Office. In 1990 he became its vice-chairman and held this position until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, becoming the first vice-president of the newly established Czech Statistical Office. Since the beginning of the 1990s he led the team tallying the elections in the Czech Republic results. He appeared to be groomed to replace the long-time president Edvard Outrata who retired in August 1999; however the Social-Democratic government brought in an outsider Marie Bohatá from the academia. She fired Fischer in September 2000, whereupon he became Production Director of Taylor Nelson Sofres Factum. In 2001 he participated in a International Monetary Fund mission exploring possibilities of establishing a statistical bureau in East Timor. Since March 2002 he was a chief of research institutes at the Faculty of Informatics and Statistics of the University of Economics, Prague. After Bohatá resigned due to a scandal with a huge error in foreign trade bilance, Fischer was appointed president of the Czech Statistical Office on 24 April 2003.

He is a member of the Czech Statistical Society, the International Statistical Institute, the Scientific Council and Board of Trustees and a Scientific Board of the Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem.

After the vote of no confidence of Mirek Topolánek's right-center government in March 2009, in the middle of Czech Presidency of the European Union, Fischer was proposed to be the Prime Minister in April. His government, nominated by both the Czech major parties (Topolánek's Civic Democratic Party and Czech Social Democratic Party) was inaugurated on 8 May 2009 on the understanding that the early election would be in October; however unexpected development in the Constitutional Court and House of Deputies postponed them to May 2010. Fischer decided to remain in the government, where he proved very popular, until then although the parties offered him a post in the European Commission.

Jan Fischer (Prága, 1951. január 2. –) politikus, Csehország kijelölt miniszterelnöke 2009. április 9. óta. Ezt megelőzően a Cseh Statisztikai Hivatal elnöke volt 2003-tól.

Édesapja, aki túlélte a Holocaustot, matematikus, statisztikus és a Cseh Tudományos Akadémia tudományos munkatársa volt.

Jan 1974-ben fejezte be tanulmányait a prágai Közgazdasági Egyetemen. Ezt követően a csehszlovák Szövetségi Statisztikai Hivatalban dolgozott, ezen belül a nyolcvanas évek elején a Szociális és Gazdasági Információk Kutatóintézetében volt kutató. 1985-ben a közgazdasági statisztika területén kandidátusi címet szerzett. 1980 és 1989 között tagja volt Csehszlovákia Kommunista Pártjának.

A 90-es évek elejétől a parlamenti és önkormányzati választások eredményeit feldolgozó munkacsoportot vezette. Ugyanebben az évben a szövetségi statisztikai hivatal alelnöke lett, 1993-tól pedig már a CSU alelnöke volt. Feladatai közé tartozott a kapcsolattartás az EU statisztikai hivatalával, az Eurostattal is.

2001-ben az Nemzetközi Valutaalap kiküldetésében a statisztikai szolgálat létrehozásának lehetőségét vizsgálta Kelet-Timorban.

Mirek Topolánek kormányának összeomlása, a parlamenti bizalmatlansági szavazás elvesztése után Václav Klaus köztársasági elnök Fischert javasolta miniszterelnöknek az októberre előirányzott parlamenti választásokig. Jan Fischer 2009. május 8-án felállította az új cseh kormányt.

Számos tekintélyes tudományos intézmény tagja, köztük a prágai Közgazdasági Egyetem tudományos és igazgatótanácsának, a Cseh Statisztikai Társaságnak, a Nemzetközi Statisztikai Intézetnek (ISI), valamint az Ústí nad Labem-i Egyetem tudományos tanácsának.

Második házasságában él, három gyermek édesapja.

Barbara Streisand

Barbra Streisand (born Barbara Joan Streisand, April 24, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, filmmaker and actress. She has won two Academy Awards, eight Grammy Awards, four Emmy Awards, a Special Tony Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.

She is one of the most commercially and critically successful female entertainers in modern entertainment history and one of the best-selling solo recording artists with more than 71 million albums shipped in the United States and 140 million albums sold worldwide. She is the best selling female artist on the Recording Industry Association of America's (RIAA) Top Selling Artists list and the only female recording artist in the top ten. Along with Frank Sinatra, Cher, Jamie Foxx and Shirley Jones, she shares the distinction of being awarded an Oscar for a leading role and also recording on a #1 pop single on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.

According to the RIAA, Streisand holds the record for the most Top 10 albums of any female recording artist; a total of 31 to her credit since 1963. Streisand also has the widest span (46 years) between first and latest Top 10 albums of any female recording artist. With her 2009 album, Love Is the Answer, she became the only artist to achieve number 1 albums in five consecutive decades. Her RIAA tally shows she has released 51 Gold albums, 30 Platinum albums, and 13 Multi-Platinum albums in the United States.

Streisand was born to a Jewish family, Emmanuel and Diana (née Rosen), on April 24, 1942, in Brooklyn, New York. She was the second of two children. Fifteen months later, Emmanuel died of a cerebral hemorrhage and the family went into near-poverty. She attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn. Soon Streisand became a nightclub singer while in her teens. She originally wanted to be an actress and appeared in summer stock and in a number of Off-Off-Broadway productions, including Driftwood (1959), with the then-unknown Joan Rivers. (In her autobiography, Rivers wrote that she played a lesbian with a crush on Barbra's character, but this was later refuted by the play's author.) Driftwood ran for only six weeks. When her boyfriend, Barry Dennen, helped her create a club act—first performed in The Lion, a gay bar in Manhattan's Greenwich Village in 1960—she achieved success as a singer. One early appearance outside of New York City was at Enrico Banducci’s hungry i nightclub in San Francisco. In 1961, Streisand appeared at the Town and Country nightclub in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, but her appearance was cut short; audiences did not understand her revolutionary singing style.

In 1962, after several appearances on PM East/PM West, Streisand first appeared on Broadway, in the small but star-making role of Miss Marmelstein in the musical I Can Get It for You Wholesale. Her first album, The Barbra Streisand Album, won two Grammy Awards in 1963. Following her success in I Can Get It for You Wholesale, Streisand made several appearances on The Tonight Show in 1962. Topics covered in her interviews with host Johnny Carson included the empire-waisted dresses that she bought wholesale, to her “crazy” reputation at Erasmus Hall High School, soon enough she got engaged.

Streisand has recorded 35 studio albums, almost all with the Columbia Records label. Her early works in the 1960s are considered classic renditions of theater and cabaret standards, including her slow version of the normally uptempo Happy Days Are Here Again. She performed this in a duet on The Judy Garland Show. Garland referred to her on the air as one of the last great belters. They also sang There's No Business Like Show Business with Ethel Merman joining them.

Beginning with My Name Is Barbra, her early albums were often medley-filled keepsakes of her television specials. Starting in 1969, she began attempting more contemporary material, but like many talented singers of the day, she found herself out of her element with rock. Her vocal talents prevailed, and she gained newfound success with the pop and ballad-oriented Richard Perry-produced album Stoney End in 1971. The title track, written by Laura Nyro, was a major hit for Streisand.

As the 1970s ended, Streisand was named the most successful female singer in the U.S.—only Elvis Presley and The Beatles had sold more albums. In 1980, she released her best-selling effort to date, the Barry Gibb-produced Guilty. The album contained the hits Woman In Love (which spent several weeks atop the pop charts in the Fall of 1980), Guilty, and What Kind of Fool.

After years of largely ignoring Broadway and traditional pop music in favor of more contemporary material, Streisand returned to her musical-theater roots with 1985's The Broadway Album, which was unexpectedly successful, holding the coveted #1 Billboard position for three straight weeks, and being certified quadruple Platinum. The album featured tunes by Rodgers & Hammerstein, George Gershwin, Jerome Kern, and Stephen Sondheim, who was persuaded to rework some of his songs especially for this recording. The Broadway Album was met with acclaim, including a nomination for Album of the Year and, ultimately, handed Streisand her eighth Grammy as Best Female Vocalist. After releasing the live album One Voice in 1986, Streisand was set to take another musical journey along the Great White Way in 1988. She recorded several cuts for the album under the direction of Rupert Holmes, including On My Own (from Les Misérables), a medley of How Are Things in Glocca Morra? and Heather on the Hill (from Finian's Rainbow and Brigadoon, respectively), All I Ask of You (from Phantom of the Opera), Warm All Over (from The Most Happy Fella) and an unusual solo version of Make Our Garden Grow (from Candide). Streisand was not happy with the direction of the project and it was ultimately scrapped. Only Warm All Over and a reworked, Lite FM-friendly version of All I Ask of You were ever released—the latter appearing on Streisand's 1988 effort, Till I Loved You.

In September 1993, Streisand announced her first public concert appearances in 27 years. What began as a two-night New Year's event at the MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas eventually led to a multi-city tour in the summer of 1994. Tickets to the tour were sold out in under one hour. Streisand also appeared on the covers of major magazines in anticipation of what Time magazine named "The Music Event of the Century". The tour was one of the biggest all-media merchandise parlays in history. Ticket prices ranged from US$50 to US$1,500 - making Streisand the highest paid concert performer in history. Barbra Streisand: The Concert went on to be the top grossing concert of the year, earned five Emmy Awards and the Peabody Award, and the taped broadcast on HBO is, to date, the highest rated concert special in HBO's 30 year history.

On New Year's Eve 1999, Streisand returned to the concert stage, giving the highest grossing single concert in Las Vegas history to date.^{[citation needed]} At the end of the millennium, she was the number one female singer in the U.S., with at least two #1 albums in each decade since she began performing. A 2-disc live album of the concert entitled Timeless: Live in Concert was released in 2000. Streisand performed versions of the "Timeless" concert in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia in early 2000.

In advance of four concerts (two each in Los Angeles and New York) in September 2000, Streisand announced she was retiring from future paying public concerts. Her performance of the song People was broadcast on the Internet via America Online.

Streisand's most recent albums have been Christmas Memories (2001), a somewhat somber collection of holiday songs (which felt entirely—albeit unintentionally—appropriate in the early post-9/11 days), and The Movie Album (2003), featuring famous movie themes and backed by a large symphony orchestra. Guilty Pleasures (called Guilty Too in the UK), a collaboration with Barry Gibb and a sequel to their previous Guilty, was released worldwide in 2005.

Streisand's 20-concert tour set record box-office numbers. At the age of 64, well past the prime of most performers, she grossed US$92,457,062 and set house gross records in 14 of the 16 arenas played on the tour. She set the third-place record for her October 9, 2006 show at Madison Square Garden, the first- and second-place records of which are held by her two shows in September 2000. She set the second-place record at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, with her December 31, 1999 show being the house record and the highest grossing concert of all time. This led many people to openly criticize Streisand for price gouging, as many tickets sold for upwards of US$1,000.

A collection of performances culled from different stops on this tour, Live in Concert 2006, debuted at #7 on the Billboard 200, making it Streisand's 29th Top 10 album. In the summer of 2007, Streisand gave concerts for the first time in continental Europe. Tickets for the London dates cost between £100.00 and GB£1,500.00 and for the Ireland date between €118 and €500. The tour included a 58-piece orchestra.

In February 2008, Forbes Magazine listed Streisand as the #2 top-earning female musician, between June 2006 and June 2007, with earnings of about US$60 million. Although Streisand's range has changed with time and her voice has become deeper over the years, her vocal prowess has remained remarkably secure for a singer whose career has endured for nearly half a century.

On February 1, 2010, Streisand joined over 80 other artists in recording a new version of the 1985 charity single "We Are the World". Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie planned to release the new version to mark the 25th anniversary of its original recording. These plans changed, however, in view of the devastating earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010, and on February 12, the song, now called "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", made its debut as a charity single to support relief aid for the beleaguered island nation.Streisand, like fellow divas Bette Midler and Celine Dion, was offered a $100 Million contract to perform in Las Vegas. Under the contract, Barbra would have been slated to perform for 3 years. She turned them down, while an insider said she has plans to tour in the Summer 2010.

Her first film was a reprise of her Broadway hit, Funny Girl (1968), an artistic and commercial success directed by Hollywood veteran William Wyler, for which she won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actress, sharing it with Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter), the first (and only) time there was a tie in this Oscar category. Her next two movies were also based on musicals, Jerry Herman's Hello, Dolly! directed by Gene Kelly (1969) and Alan Jay Lerner's and Burton Lane's On a Clear Day You Can See Forever directed by Vincente Minnelli (1970), while her fourth film was based on the Broadway play The Owl and the Pussycat (1970).

During the 1970s, Streisand starred in several screwball comedies, including What's Up, Doc? (1972) and The Main Event (1979), both co-starring Ryan O'Neal, and For Pete's Sake (1974) with Michael Sarrazin. One of her most famous roles during this period was in the drama The Way We Were (1973) with Robert Redford, for which she received an Academy Award nomination as Best Actress. She earned her second Academy Award for Best Original Song as composer (together with lyricist Paul Williams) for the song "Evergreen", from A Star Is Born in 1976; this was the first time a woman had received this award.

Along with Paul Newman and Sidney Poitier, Streisand formed First Artists Production Company in 1969 so the actors could secure properties and develop movie projects for themselves. Streisand's initial outing with First Artists was Up the Sandbox (1972).

In 2004, Streisand made a return to film acting, after an eight-year hiatus, in the comedy Meet the Fockers (a sequel to Meet the Parents), playing opposite Dustin Hoffman, Ben Stiller, Blythe Danner and Robert De Niro.

Streisand has long been an active supporter of the Democratic Party and many of their causes. Streisand said, "The Democrats have always been the party of working people and minorities. I've always identified with the minorities." Streisand has personally raised $15 million for organizations through her live performances. The Streisand Foundation, established in 1986, has contributed over $16 million through its grants to "national organizations working on preservation of the environment, voter education, the protection of civil liberties and civil rights, women’s issues and nuclear disarmament." In 2006, Streisand donated $1 million to the William Jefferson Clinton Foundation in support of President Bill Clinton’s climate change initiative.

In 2000, Barbra Streisand was awarded the National Medal of Arts and she has been nominated for over 56 Grammy Awards, of which she won 15. She's been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame three times.

Barbra Joan Streisand (Brooklyn, New York, USA, 1942.) amerikai színésznő, énekesnő, zeneszerző, rendező, forgatókönyvíró, producer.
New Yorkban, Brooklynban született ortodox zsidó családban. Édesapja korán meghalt, és Barbra-nak nagyon hiányzott édesapja. Ez adott indíttatást első rendezéséhez (Yentl). Anyja nem nézte jó szemmel lánya színészi álmait, és folyton becsmérelte Barbra külsejét. Sidney Poitier-vel és Paul Newmannal az első sztárok között volt az 1970-es években, akik saját produkciós irodát alapítottak.

Szerepeiben főként akaratos, elszánt asszonyokat alakít, drámai és komikus szerepek megformálásában egyaránt élen jár. A legtehetségesebb amerikai énekesnők egyike.

1997-ben eljegyezte magát a másodvonalbeli filmek sztárjával, James Brolin-nal, akivel kapcsolatban nem titkolja, hogy a hiányzó apafigurát is pótolja számára. Egyetlen vágya, hogy partnerével a lehető legtöbb időt töltse együtt.

Hollywood leggazdagabb üzletasszonyai közé tartozik, egyes becslések szerint 180 millió dolláros vagyonnal rendelkezik.

Rendszerint együtt ünnepli születésnapját barátnőjével, Shirley MacLaine-nel, akivel egy napon született. Közeli barátnője Donna Karan, divattervező. Elliot Gouldhoz fűződő kapcsolatából született egy fia, Jason, akiről azt állítják, hogy homoszexuális. Állandó munkatársa koncertjei karmestere és filmjei zeneszerzője, Marvin Hamlisch.

David Guetta

David Guetta is a French house producer and DJ. Originally a DJ at nightclubs during the 1980s and 1990s, he co-founded label Gum Productions and released his first album, Just a Little More Love, in 2001. Later, he released Guetta Blaster (2004) and Pop Life (2007). His 2009 album One Love included the hits singles "When Love Takes Over" (featuring Kelly Rowland), and "Sexy Bitch" (featuring Akon), the latter becoming a top five hit in the US. He has worked with a variety of pop artists including Akon, Britney Spears, Chris Willis, Kelly Rowland, Lil' Wayne, Madonna, Kid Cudi, Estelle and will.i.am. He is also working with Shakira.

David Guetta was born and raised in tipton Paris. His father was a restaurateur and a Moroccan Jew. He is married to Cathy Guetta, and they have two children, Tim Elvis (born 2004) and Angie (born 2007).

At age 17, Guetta began DJing at the Broad Club in Paris. He first played popular songs, and he discovered house music when he heard a Farley Jackmaster Funk track on French radio in 1987. The next year, he began hosting his own club nights. In 1990, he released "Nation Rap", a hip-hop collaboration with French rapper Sidney Duteil.

In the early 1990s, Guetta played in clubs such as Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, and Folies Pigalle. Released in 1994, Guetta's first single, a collaboration with American house vocalist Robert Owens titled "Up & Away", was a minor club hit. In 1995, David Guetta became the manager of Le Palace nightclub and he continued to organise parties there and in other clubs, such as the "Scream" parties in marios palace.

In 2001, David Guetta along with Joachim Garraud founded Gum Productions, and in the same year Guetta's first hit single, "Just a Little More Love", featuring American singer Chris Willis was released. Willis was vacationing in France when he met Guetta. Guetta's debut album Just a Little More Love was released in 2002 on Virgin Records and sold over 300,000 copies. The follow-up single, "Love Don't Let Me Go", was released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, Fuck Me I'm Famous, in 2003, named after his party in Ibiza. It included "Just For One Day (Heroes)", a remix of David Bowie's song "Heroes". Later in his career, Guetta continued recording compilations under that title.

Guetta's second album, Guetta Blaster, was released in 2004 and contained "The World is Mine" featuring JD Davis. In 2006 "Love Don't Let Me Go" was released as a mash-up with the Tocadisco remix of "Walking Away" by The Egg. The mash-up single charted higher than the original release of the song.

In 2007, Guetta's third album Pop Life was released. The album was successful in the UK and Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. According to EMI in 2010, the album has sold a total of 530,000 copies worldwide. The lead single "Love Is Gone" reached Number 1 on the American Dance Chart and charted on the Billboard Hot 100.

He played in many countries around the world to promote the album. He played in Mauritius in January 2008, accompanied by French rapper JoeyStarr. In the same year, he and his wife Cathy also planned a new event which took place in the Stade de France on 5 July 2008. The event was called "UNIGHTED", he performed with Tiësto, Carl Cox, Joachim Garraud and Martin Solveig in front of a 40,000 crowd.

David Guetta's fourth studio album, One Love, was digitally released on 21 August 2009, and physically released on 24 August 2009 in Europe and 25 August in the United States. Its first single "When Love Takes Over", which featured Kelly Rowland, peaked at #2 on the French singles chart and #78 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. His second single from the album, "Sexy Bitch" (featuring Akon) went to #2 in France and #5 in the US. "One Love" featuring Estelle and "Memories" featuring Kid Cudi followed. Guetta also produced the Black Eyed Peas' single "I Gotta Feeling", which peaked at #1 in the US, Canada, UK, and Australia, and #2 in France. The album has sold 1.4 million copies worldwide since its release according to Billboard.

Guetta is now working on Akon, Kelis, Céline Dion, Rihanna, and Kelly Rowland upcoming albums for 2010. At the beginning of February rumors regarding Guetta producing music for Lady Gaga began to spread, but recently he stated he has no interest in working with the pop star.

In 2009, he was placed third in the "Top 100 DJs" poll by DJ Magazine, and was elected "Best House DJ" by DJ Awards in 2008.

Guetta was nominated for five Grammy awards, three for One Love and two for his work with the Black Eyed Peas. He won the Grammy for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical.

In recent interview at the 2010 NRJ Music Awards Guetta said he would be collaborating with an international superstar, but he didn't want to say her name. Lately he said it was talking about Barbadian R&B singer Rihanna. He is also working with Eva Simons as confirmed on her twitter.

David Guetta (Párizs, 1967. november 7.) a világ egyik vezető house DJ-je.

Első mixeit 13 évesen készítette, 15 évesen partikat szervezett. 17 éves korában a párizsi ‘Broad’ DJ-jeként kezdte el pályafutását. 1988 és 1990 között a Radio Nova DJ-jeként mixelt house zenét. 2005-ben megjelenő “The World Is Mine” című száma - amely a Simple Minds “Someone Somewhere In Summertime” számának mintájára készült - Európában a dance listák élére ugrott. A DJ, aki már mindent elért, amit csak lehetett. Slágereit betéve tudja minden rádióhallgató, lemezeiből több millió kelt el világszerte, alig akad olyan fesztivál ahol még ne játszott volna, s emellett rengeteg szakmai elismerésben is részesült az évek során.

A francia csodagyerek titka, hogy számára nincs különbség popzene és az elektronikus zene kevésbé populáris oldala közt, előszeretettel gyúr össze fülbemászó dallamokat a klubok house zenéjével. Tizenhét évesen áll először a DJ pultba, ráadásul abban a Broad nevű klubban, ahol Laurent Garnier karrierje is indult. Néhány évre rá már az egyik legnépszerűbb DJ a francia fővárosban, olyan öreg rókák mellett játszik mint Roger Sanchez vagy David Morales. "Számomra a DJ-zés lényeg az, hogy megosztom másokkal azt amit szeretek." - mondja egy interjúban. "Ezért lettem DJ. Sok producer nem szeret emberek előtt játszani. Én még a stúdióba is hívok barátokat, hogy táncoljanak."

Az igazán nagy áttörést az ibizai Fuck Me I'm Famous klubest elindítása hozza, az angolok számára akkoriban még ismeretlen francia DJ partijait olyan világsztárok látogatják, mint Kate Moss, Penelope Cruz vagy P Diddy. És persze jönnek a giga slágerek, mint a Little More Love, a Love Don't Let Me Go vagy a World Is Mine. Aranylemezek, Grammy-jelölés, az év DJ-je díj a londoni House Music Awards díjkiosztón. A sor innentől kezdve tényleg végtelen. "Van aki számára a popzene egyenlő az istenkáromlással. Én nem ilyen vagyok! Számomra a tánczene mindig is popzene volt." Nem ellenkezhetünk, az idő őt igazolta. És ha ez még mindig nem lenne elég, garanciaként megemlithetjük hogy több a szakmában elismert lemezlovas is készitett neki remixeket, Antoine Clamaran,Bob Sinclar,Fuzzy Hair,Kenneth Thomas,Liam Shachar,Dj Maxwell, vagy éppen a neves olasz DJ, Gigi D'Agostino. Felesége Cathy Guetta, két gyereke Tim Elvis és Angie Guetta.

2007 július 14-én, Párizsból Ibizába való utazása során ő lett az első DJ, aki élőben szerepelt egy kereskedelmi repülőgépen.

2007-ben a brit DJ Mag megválasztotta a világ 10. legjobb DJ-jének.

2008 július 5-én részt vett a párizsi Stade de France-ban való fesztiválon, ahol 40000 néző előtt lépett fel Tiesto, Carl Cox, Joachim Gartraud és Martin Solveig társaságában.